The Evolution of Image Formats: JPEG, JPEG XL, and AVIF

0:00 What is JPEG?

JPEG is a widely recognized image format that's been in use for approximately 30 years. It is a lossy format, meaning it reduces image quality to achieve smaller file sizes, making it easier to share and store compared to lossless formats like PNG. While JPEG has served well over the years, advancements in technology are threatening its dominance, with newer formats like WebP and JPEG XL emerging as potential successors.

1:20 JPEG XL

JPEG XL is a promising new standard that retains compatibility with existing JPEG images while offering better compression and higher quality. It allows users to convert low-quality JPEGs to JPEG XL without losing quality, making it a sensible upgrade for many users.

2:07 AVIF

AVIF, based on the AV1 video format, aims to outperform JPEG by providing superior image compression and smaller file sizes. However, JPEG XL offers advantages in terms of future-proofing and functionality, creating a debate between the two formats.

3:08 JPEG XL's Strengths

JPEG XL supports higher color depth and resolution compared to AVIF and features progressive decoding, allowing for quicker image loading, especially beneficial for users with slower internet connections. Despite its advantages, JPEG XL struggles to gain traction due to limited browser support.

4:58 AVIF Support

The lack of support for JPEG XL in major browsers like Chrome has hindered its adoption. In contrast, AVIF is gaining popularity, fueled by Google's backing, despite some studies claiming JPEG XL's superiority in certain aspects.

6:43 I compress 90,000 images for science

The speaker shares a personal experience of converting a large collection of images to AVIF, achieving significant file size reductions. Despite AVIF's potential, issues like lack of support and problematic features may delay its widespread acceptance, leaving JPEG as a reliable option for the foreseeable future, while JPEG XL may attract users focused on high-quality images.