Exploring the Brain-Oral Axis: The Interconnectedness of the Nervous and Stomatognathic Systems

The interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system: from development to diseases - International Journal of Oral Science 🔗

The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the “brain-oral axis”. A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally. It summarizes the cross-regulation between nerves and jawbones and the effects of various states of the jawbone on intrabony nerve distribution. Diseases closely related to both the nervous system and the stomatognathic system are divided into craniofacial diseases caused by neurological illnesses, and neurological diseases caused by an aberrant stomatognathic system. The two-way relationships between common diseases, such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders, and depression and oral diseases were also discussed. This review provides valuable insights into novel strategies for neuro-skeletal tissue engineering and early prevention and treatment of orofacial and neurological diseases.

The intricate relationship between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is increasingly recognized for its impact on overall health, leading to the concept of the "brain-oral axis." This review explores how these systems interact during development and in various diseases, highlighting the importance of neurodevelopment in craniofacial growth and the consequences of abnormalities in this cooperation. It discusses congenital disorders like trisomy 21, neurofibromatosis, and achondroplasia, emphasizing their effects on both nervous and stomatognathic systems. The review also examines how diseases such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders can influence each other, suggesting that future research should focus on the regulatory mechanisms between these systems to improve prevention and treatment strategies for associated health issues.

The nervous and stomatognathic systems are closely linked, influencing each other's development and function.
Congenital disorders like trisomy 21 and neurofibromatosis illustrate the impact of abnormal system interplay.
Diseases such as periodontitis can exacerbate neurological disorders and vice versa.
Future research may enhance understanding of these interactions for better healthcare strategies.

What is the "brain-oral axis"?

The "brain-oral axis" refers to the concept that the nervous system and the stomatognathic system communicate and influence each other, affecting overall health.

How do congenital disorders affect the stomatognathic system?

Congenital disorders like trisomy 21 and neurofibromatosis can lead to physical abnormalities in the stomatognathic system, impacting oral health and function.

Why is understanding the interaction between these systems important?

Understanding the interaction is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for diseases that affect both the nervous and stomatognathic systems.