Understanding Methotrexate Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review

The text provides a comprehensive literature review on the toxicity of Methotrexate (MTX), a drug used to treat various malignant disorders and rheumatoid arthritis. It discusses the pharmacokinetics of MTX, its toxicity, and the management of MTX toxicity. The review highlights the side effects of MTX, such as pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematological toxicity, and an increased risk of infections, and emphasizes the importance of managing severe MTX toxicity through clearance of MTX from the bloodstream, folinic acid therapy, and organ treatment.

• Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis and malignant disorders, but its toxicity poses significant risks.
• The text discusses the pharmacokinetics of MTX, its toxicity, and the management of MTX toxicity, emphasizing the importance of managing severe MTX toxicity through various strategies.
• Side effects of MTX include pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematological toxicity, and an increased risk of infections.
• Management of severe MTX toxicity involves clearance of MTX from the bloodstream, folinic acid therapy, and organ treatment, with specific measures such as hydration, urine alkalization, and leucovorin rescue.
• The text provides insights into the various toxic effects of MTX and highlights the need for physicians to emphasize MTX when prescribing it to avoid medication errors resulting in MTX toxicity.